Arthrosis of the big toe joint - treatment

A stiff toe (Latin hallux rigidus) is caused by osteoarthritis of the big toe joint . This condition is more common in people over 50 years of age, affecting approximately 2.5% of this age group. Risk factors include excessive stress on the joints , such as in athletes, genetic predisposition, or ill-fitting footwear.

As with any arthrosis, the disease develops gradually from cartilage damage , through the formation of bone growths (osteophytes) to limited mobility .

What are the most common symptoms of big toe osteoarthritis?

The main symptom of osteoarthritis in the foot is pain during walking and running , especially during the spring phase of the movement , when the big toe is bent upwards (dorsiflexed). This pain can be caused by inflammation and wear and tear in the joint , which leads to a limitation of its mobility .

In addition to pain, patients may also experience swelling in the affected joint. Swelling is a typical manifestation of inflammation and can contribute to further limitation of movement. Sometimes there may also be an audible manifestation , such as a crunching or clicking sound, which is a result of the friction of damaged cartilage surfaces or the presence of osteophytes in the joint.

These symptoms can significantly affect patients' daily activities and mobility , leading to the need for treatment, which may include lifestyle changes, physical therapy, medications, and in some cases, surgery.

Treatment of big toe osteoarthritis

Non-surgical solutions include changing footwear and using orthotics to prevent the big toe from bending. The acute painful phase can be relieved with anti-inflammatory analgesics. Some doctors inject corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid.

Moderate thumb osteoarthritis is surgically treated by removing osteophytes , more severe cases by removing part of the bone or by joint plastic surgery to maintain mobility, and the most severe cases by screwing and completely immobilizing the joint .

In conclusion - what about it?

A bunion is a common condition caused by osteoarthritis that can significantly affect daily life. Treatment varies depending on the severity of the condition , ranging from non-surgical methods, such as changing shoes and using orthotics , to various surgical procedures . It is important for patients to seek medical attention early so that they can receive the best possible treatment and minimize the impact on quality of life. Although a bunion can be difficult to treat , there are effective methods to relieve pain and improve joint function.

Resources:

1. Ho, Bryant, and Judith Baumhauer. "Hallux rigidus." EFORT open reviews vol. 2,1 13-20. 13 Mar. 2017, doi:10.1302/2058-5241.2.160031
2. Galois, Laurent et al. "Surgical options for hallux rigidus: state of the art and review of the literature." European journal of orthopedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie vol. 30,1 (2020): 57-65. doi:10.1007/s00590-019-02528-x